History wk 12 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History wk 12 - Essay Example They showed what other studies have shown, that there are spatial differences between men and women and that women are better in verbal skills. What I wonder, is whether these are different because of the way that children are trained. Do boy children tend to be trained to see things more spatially than girls are shown? Do women spend more time talking and by doing so, increasing their verbal skills? Is this why many men find talking about problems etc., too difficult because they have not been trained in that way? Schultz and Schultz (2008) suggest that that there is bias and discrimination still going on when people come together. In psychology, I have seen this become a problem, especially with some students who may be from the Middle East or other countries at times when the United States feels threatened. Although this may not be what we want to see in psychology, I think it still exists and that we need. The idea of gender intrigues me because today, there is so much going on w ith it. Some people are changing their genders, feeling they were born into the wrong one. There is an ongoing debate about whether gays and lesbians should be able to marry. Although this may not directly take a look at gender, it does apply in that often gays and lesbians transcend the gender they were born into. ... When I first came into this course, I had some idea of the various areas of psychology because I received them from different courses taken before this course. I think my personal view of psychology would be that it is the study of how people deal with the world around them. I believe that it is more than just a study of the mind, because there are so many different aspects of it. As an example, we brought up the idea of â€Å"The Secret† in this class and I believe that it is part of what people are studying today. Those who are following this are attempting to understand a different way of behavior that will help them move forward. It is a belief system that many have adopted and made work for them. I think that counseling has to take into consideration a client’s belief system and the fact that it will not necessarily be the same as that of the counselor. In fact, the counselor may be opposed to the client’s belief system and/or lifestyle, but they may need to have a way of dealing with it anyway or to refer the client to someone else. As a counselor who is a scholar-practitioner, I believe that it is important to continue to read in my field after I leave college and to interact with other scholar-practitioners. I do not believe that we can work in a vacuum and sometimes, realistically, many of us tend to get a degree and then work in an agency for many years without more development. I believe it is important to understand the stressors that people are dealing with on a day to day basis, and to study those areas that we are going to work with clients in. As an example, the world is seeing major stress related to PTSD coming from the war. Because of this, a scholar practitioner is going to need to understand PTSD and the types of things that work well with

Comparing Measure for Measure and The Merchant of Venice, As You Like I

Parallels between Measure for Measure and The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, and Twelfth Night What is comedy?   Funk and Wagnalls New Encyclopedia says: "A comedy depicts the follies and absurdities of human beings."   Webster's Dictionary defines comedy as: "A drama or narrative with a happy ending."   Shakespeare's play, Measure for Measure, fits both of these descriptions.   Follies and absurdities are present in the play: Lucio slanders the Duke, not realizing that his crude remarks are being spoken to the Duke himself; Angelo abuses his power thinking that the Duke is not present to know; and Ragozine happens to die in prison the day a head is needed to substitute for Claudio's.   The play also ends on several merry notes, consistent with the definition of comedy.   For example, Angelo's life is spared and he is forgiven; Mariana is married to Angelo; the Duke punishes Lucio humorously with marriage; Barnardine is pardoned; and Claudio is saved.   The parallels between Measure for Measure and three other Shakespearean comedies, The Merchant of Venice, As Yo u Like It, and Twelfth Night, also help to classify Measure for Measure as a comedy.   In Measure for Measure, like in The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, and Twelfth Night, an arbitrary law or obstacle is eventually overcome; a disguised character affects the outcome of the play; a clown adds humor to the plot; a female character bears a large responsibility for the final resolution; and forgiveness and reconciliation mark the conclusion of the action.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some critics consider Measure for Measure a "dark" play because of the serious obstacles encountered by the characters.   However, doesn't The Merchant of Venice also have near-tragic hindrances that af... ... only does Measure for Measure fit the definition of comedy, it also parallels Shakespeare's other comedies.   Like The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, and Twelfth Night, the plot of Measure for Measure overcomes an adversarial obstacle, possesses a disguised character who affects the denouement, touches the audience with the humor of a clown or ruffian, endures the influence of a powerful a female character, and ends with forgiveness and reconciliation.   The similarities between Measure for Measure and The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, and Twelfth Night help to place Measure for Measure in the same category with Shakespeare's other comedies.   Furthermore, the "problems" many critics single out in Measure for Measure are also present in The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, and Twelfth Night, and further help to classify Measure for Measure as a comedy.

The five elements in the rhetorical situation

1. What are the five elements in the rhetorical situation? Use TRACE to help you remember.Text.Reader.Author.Constraints.Exigence.2. How can a reader use the rhetorical situation to analyze an argument essay? How ca a viewer use the rhetorical situation to analyze an image? How can a writer use the rhetorical situation during the planning phase of writing a paper?They can analyze all objects above by using the TRACE analysis.3. Why is the audience important in argument? What types of positions might an audience initially hold?The audience is important because without the audience you have no argument. You will not be able to prove your point with no audience. The audience may initially be a friendly audience, undecided audience, neutral audience, hostile audience, unfamiliar audience, or linked audience.4. What is a discourse community? To what discourse communities do you belong? How does a discourse community help establish common ground for its members?A discourse community is a g roup of people who share a set of discourses, understood as basic values and assumptions, and ways of communicating about those goals. I believe that we all, belong to several discourse communities it would just depend on the situation and what your beliefs are. It establishes common ground by having resources and peers interested in the same beliefs and ideas.5. What is the universal audience? What are the special qualities of this audience? Why is it a useful idea?A universal audience is one with distinct individual differences but also important common qualities. This universal audience is educated, reasonable, normal, adult, and willing to listen.

Aristotle Vs. Mill The Debate On Happiness - 1750 Words

Aristotle v. Mill: The Debate On Happiness Is there really one definition for what it means to be truly happy? A simple joy such as a piece of candy may bring happiness to one; whereas something much larger might be the determining factor for another’s happiness. The definition of happiness is one of the most debated questions among many different philosophers and people through out the ages. Aristotle and John Stuart Mill are two philosophers who had similar ideas regarding the definition of happiness, but argued different theories on what constitutes happiness and what is required to be truly happy. John Stuart Mill’s Utilitarianism and Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics both agree that happiness is essential to a good life but differ on what an individuals happiness consists of. They both recognized the importance of happiness to man and aimed at defining it. Aristotle believed that happiness comes from virtue. He argued that in order to be happy, man must complete his function (Aristotle). On the other ha nd, John Stuart Mill, argues that pleasure and freedom from pain are what make up someone’s happiness. He felt that man’s purpose in life is to find pleasure, and that pleasure will bring him happiness (Brink). The two philosophers spent much of their time contemplating what it means to be happy, and although they came across different views, they agreed on the overall idea that in order to attain true happiness, men should be engaging in activities that are distinct toShow MoreRelatedAristotle s Views On Happiness2248 Words   |  9 Pages Happiness is the fundamental objective of life. This bold statement is unanimously agreed upon among generations of people on every corner of our planet. However, the real question that has been contested for centuries is the true meaning of happiness? The true meaning of happiness is one of the most highly debated philosophy topics in history. Most famous are the writings of Aristotle and John Stuart Mill who both paint very opposing pictures of happiness. Mill believes happiness is obtained throughRead MoreA Review of Ethics Concepts Theories2669 Words   |  11 PagesEthics Concepts Theories Educational Objectives: 1. Explain the type of problem that is addressed by philosophers. 2. Explain how ethical norms help address ethical issues that arise in accountancy. 3. Contrast the views of Mills, Machiavelli and Kant. 4. Describe what is meant by a social contract. 5. Analyze a given situation and tell why it would be appropriate or inappropriate to lie. 6. Explain the views of Kierkegaard and contrast him from other existentialistsRead MoreSources of Ethics20199 Words   |  81 Pages48 Implications of Behavioural Genetics Research In Society: 50 How the genes influence behaviour and ethics: 52 2.3- PHILOSOPHICAL: 55 2.31- Contribution Of In Ethics By The Source Of Philosophical Systems: 55 2.32- Contribution of Aristotle: 57 2.33- Contributions By Other Important Philosophers: 58 2.34- Rights Theory: 64 2.35- Contribution By KANT: 65 2.36- Contribution By ROSS: 66 2.4- CULTURAL: 68 2.5- LEGAL SYSTEM: 71 2.6- CODES OF ETHICS: 74 2.61- CompanyRead MorePrinciples of Microeconomics Fifth Canadian Edition20085 Words   |  81 PagesOF TAXATION Learning Objectives 165 165 The Deadweight Loss of Taxation 166 How a Tax Affects Market Participants 166 Deadweight Losses and the Gains from Trade 169 The Determinants of the Deadweight Loss 171 CASE STUDY: The Deadweight Loss Debate 171 FYI: Henry George and the Land Tax 174 Deadweight Loss and Tax Revenue as Taxes Vary 174 CASE STUDY: The Laffer Curve and Supply-Side Economics 176 Conclusion 177 Summary 178 Key Concepts 178 Questions for Review 178 Problems and ApplicationsRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 Pages------------------------------------------------- Essentialism vs. Existentialism Essentialism: A belief that things have a set of characteristics that make them what they are, amp; that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery amp; expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence While, Existentialism:A philosophical theory or approach, that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free amp; responsibleRead MoreHistory of Management Thought Revision17812 Words   |  72 Pagesdescribed this role but it was others who advanced personnel management. a. Mary Gilson would be one example of the scientific management viewpoint. b. Also Jane Williams at Plimpton Press. c. The Henry Gantt/Elizabeth Briscoe clash at Bancroft Mills relates similarities and differences between the welfarists and those of scientific management. d. Henry Ford and his $5 per day minimum is worth mentioning, as well as his sociological department. (Ask the class what Ford s advisers did --Read MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesimportance of the magician’s concentration of his energy towards his purpose, again with verbal echoes from the Ihwà ¢n al-Safà ¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. Along with these go aphorisms from â€Å"Plato† and Tà ¢bit ibn Qurra, as well as two extracts from a treatise ascribed to Aristotle, which is later quoted entire in Book IV, chapter 4. (pp.34-36). Examples are given of the â€Å"incantation† of talismans to make them effective. These formulae are also to be found in the Ihwà ¢n al-Safà ¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, where they are attributed to Hermes. This completesRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pages Training in International Management The Impact of Overall Management Philosophy on Training The Impact of Different Learning Styles on Training and Development Reasons for Training 520 522 523 524 Types of Training Programs Standardized vs. Tailor-Made Cultural Assimilators Positive Organizational Behavior 526 526 529 530 xxvi Table of Contents Future Trends The World of International Management—Revisited Summary of Key Points Key Terms Review and Discussion Questions InternetRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pages.............................................................................. 299 CHAPTER 10 Deductive Reasoning .......................................................................................... 312 x Implying with Certainty vs. with Probability ................................................................................ 312 Distinguishing Deduction from Induction ..................................................................................... 319 Review of Major

Food And Drug Administration ( Fda ) - 871 Words

According to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the definition of a drug includes the following; â€Å"a substance recognized by an official pharmacopoeia or formulary. A substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease. A substance (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body. A substance intended for use as a component of a medicine, but not a device or a component, part or accessory of a device. Biological products are included within this definition and are generally covered by the same laws and regulations, but differences exist regarding their manufacturing processes (chemical process versus biological process)† (F.D.A. 2012). Making medications safe, efficacious and affordable have been a long lime pursuit by the US government, pharmaceutical industries and advocacy groups and ordinary citizens of the US. This responsibility started with regulations of vaccines in early 19th century by the government. At the time infectious disease was a major killer in the whole world and vaccines have been proven to be effective in combating infectious. However, the techniques and standards available today were not available then but some sort of regulation still needed to be put in place to ensure safety. After over a century following the vaccines act, some progress was made as regards drug policies and making medication safer amongst which includes the pure food and drug act of 1906 which isShow MoreRelatedSupplements : Dietary Supplements, As Defined By The Fda ( U.s. Food And Drug Administration1344 Words   |  6 PagesIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Dietary supplements, as defined by the FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration), are products intended for ingestion which contain any ingredients which add further nutritional value to the diet. Dietary supplements fall under the food category and consist vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids, metabolites, extracts (U.S. Food and Drug and Administration (FDA), 2015). Supplements are taken by many people to assist in the building of muscle and to assist in recovery after workoutsRead MoreThe Lack Of Regulation From The Food And Drug Administration ( Fda ) On Electronic Cigarette Products2292 Words   |  10 PagesThe lack of regulation from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on electronic cigarette products is creating a desire for state and local governments to enact laws aimed to address their usage (Balakit, 2014). In Maryland, House Bill 0026, Clean Indoor Air Act – Use of Electronic Smoking Devices – Prohibition, was intended to make the use of electronic cig arettes (e-cigarettes), â€Å"battery-operated devices that contain nicotine cartridges and other chemicals,† illegal in public places (SubramaniamRead MoreSafety Of Food And Drugs Consumption1448 Words   |  6 PagesSafety in food and drugs consumption is a necessity to consumers. It is the FDA s responsibility to ensure food and drug safety for the public. That’s why the FDA is what happens when agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness. As the Food and Drug Administration Progresses it had became a reliable source for Americans .President Theodore Roosevelt signed the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938 to provide the publicRead MoreRegulatory Agency Paper1549 Words   |  7 Pages Federal Drug and Food Administration â€Å"The Federal Drug Administration is an agency within the Department of Health and Human Services. The FDA organization consist of the Office of Commissioner and four directorates overseeing four core functions of the agency: Medical Products, and Tobacco, Foods, Global Regulatory Operations, and Policy, and Operations† (FDA, 2011). The FDA is responsible ensuring the safety of the public by makingRead MoreRegulatory Agency: Food and Drug Administration Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesAgency: Food and Drug Administration Victoria Steele University of Phoenix Regulatory Agency: Food and Drug Administration The regulation of all areas of health care in The United States falls to The United States Department of Health and Human. One such area is the regulation on medications dispensed within the United States. The section of The United States Department of Health and Human Services responsible for regulation on medications is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). WhereasRead MoreShould Drugs Be Safe For Consumption?1688 Words   |  7 Pagesthese medications will benefit your health? How do you know that the drugs are safe for you? Every day, men and women enter hospitals because of a doctor’s appointment or because of an infirmity. Most of them will have prescribed drugs from doctors, but none of them will question of the effectiveness and safety of the pharmaceuticals. There are also many other ways to obtain drugs like through a local drug store, but the drugs are considered to be safe for consumption. This is because the UnitedRead MoreThe Food and Drug Adminstratio n Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesThe Food and Drug Administration Over the last one hundred and eighty years, The United States has had numerous kinds of, chemist, doctors, politicians and concerns citizens that came together to form different types of groups and agencies to oversee consumer products and meet minimal guidelines. Over the decades the guidelines have become stricter with emphasis on intense processing and regulations on consumer products. During these early years, there were no federal agencies to protectRead MoreFood And Drug Administration V Brown Williamson940 Words   |  4 PagesFood Drug Administration v. Brown Williamson 529 U.S. 120 (2000) Parties: 1) Petitioner- Food Drug Administration 2) Respondent- Brown Williamson Tobacco Corporation Facts: The Food and Drug Administration issued a rule in 1996 that prohibited the tobacco products labeling, promotion, and availability to young people (children and adolescents). The FDA claimed that as per Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA), it had authority to regulate tobacco products because nicotineRead MoreFood And Drug Act Of 19061565 Words   |  7 PagesEveryday you consume things may it be food, drinks, or prescription drugs. Most people will just absent mindedly intake these products subconsciously knowing that they are monitored by government organizations ensuring your safety. It has not always been that was and has progressed greatly throughout the years. although all consumer safety organizations may not be reputable, they do much more good than harm. Consumer safety is something that is extremely important to the American family, and hasRead MoreFood Safety And Security : Usda And Fda1530 Words   |  7 PagesFood Safety and Security: USDA and FDA Abstract The USDA and FDA have been resources for the United States of America to turn to in regards to policies and procedures dealing with food safety and security. In this report you will find the histories of the USDA and FDA, how humans, animals and the environment are benefited by these organizations and new policies that the USDA and FDA have released recently. Historical Background †¢ Up until the mid-1800’s people s main concern when it

The Preventive Services Task Force Recommends On Doing

What if the proper age to get mammograms would drop to the age of 50 instead of 40? According to Ph.D. Diana Zuckerman and Ph.D. Anna E. Mazzucco, this is what the â€Å"U.S. Preventative Services Task Force recommends† on doing (Zuckerman, Mazzucco 1). This is a big change in women, since now they may feel more comfortable with the idea of getting mammograms done, but at a later age. Mammograms have been used for a while now and they have proven to save lives of women. People might argue that mammograms are not effective, but they are if they save lives. In a women’s life, it is essential to have mammograms so they can detect abnormalities or cancers that can be developed. With this they can save their lives and protect their loved ones from a tragedy that can happen. Which is why I propose that there should be an organization that informs women on the benefits of mammograms and how they can save their lives. In today’s society, women are not getting their mammo grams done because they feel they are not necessary or because they are afraid of the results of the mammograms. Since women do not get their mammograms done, they are exposed to breast cancer. According to the National Cancer Institute, women who get mammograms, reduce about â€Å"15% to 20% in mortality from breast cancer† (â€Å"National Cancer Institute† 1). If women would increase the rate of getting mammograms, there will be less deaths in women. Mammograms have different benefits, according to BREASTCANCER.org are, whenShow MoreRelatedNotes on Health Screening1700 Words   |  7 Pagesdaily, moderate exercise 5 days per week, no significant personal medical history. Screening Recommendations Blood Pressure Cholesterol Colon and Rectal Cancer Dental Health Diabetes Eye Health Weight The U.S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that men between the age of 45-79 utilize aspirin for the possible advantage of decreasing the risks and probabilities of a myocardial infarction. The risk to benefit ratio of using aspirin is warranted to surpass the risk of gastrointestinalRead MoreProstate Cancer and PSA Testing Essay1252 Words   |  6 Pagesapproach of screening and treating PCa. In 2002 USPSTF gave PSA screening grade of I; concluding there was insufficient evidence to recommend before or against and then it was revisited in 2008, and now it has been made it a grade D recommendation (Chou, 2011). A grade D recommendation means that the USPSTF concluded there is at least moderate certainty that the harms of doing the intervention equal or outweigh the benefits in the target population. This recommendation also advises against a DRE becauseRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pagesyear old white man who comes into the clinic with a chief complaint of feeling weak. 2. History of Present Illness: The patient comes into his primary care physician office complaining of feeling weak. He tells the doctor that he feels tired after doing normal activities; as well as, feeling more thirsty and hungry. Also, he said that he has noticed that his has gained about ten pounds within this past half year. Objective: 1. Past Medical History: †¢ Hypertension for the past 20 years †¢ OsteoarthritisRead MoreEffects Of Smoking On The United States1841 Words   |  8 Pagescancers are some of the associated health problems that may occur with cigarette smoking. According to the U.S. Department of Health Human Services (2015), since 1964 more than 20 million Americans have died from cigarette smoking and 8.6 million people live with a serious illness caused by smoking. Statistics from the U.S. Department of Health Human Services (2015) indicate that 9 out of 10 lung cancers and 8 out of 10 COPD deaths are the result of smoking. Research studies suggest that adolescentsRead MoreCardiovascular Diseases ( Cvds ) Are A Group Of Disorders Of The Heart And Blood Vessels881 Words   |  4 Pagesprocess. The intended target population is the â€Å"100 million people with risk factors (e.g., high cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, obesity, diabetes) could benefit from effective risk factor detection and control.† The US Preventive Services Task Fo rce recommends routine screening for hypertension, lipid disorders, obesity, and tobacco use (Eyre 2014). It is best to have risk factors diagnosed early for the best possible prevention and treatment. In order to limit tobacco use the governmentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Maternal Postpartum Depressive Symptoms And Infant Externalizing And Internal Behaviors 1395 Words   |  6 Pageshousing conditions† a study was discussed suggesting that postpartum depression serves as a risk factor for inadequate housing conditions (Corman, 2015, p. 76). A cohort study was performed consisting of 2965 mothers and children in an urban area. Doing this study during the postpartum year is important because it allows the leaders of the study to focus on housing conditions at a critical period for a child’s health and mental development (Corman, 2015, p. 76). The results of this study proved thatRead MoreDiabetes : A Healthy And Well Balanced Life Is A Goal For Many People2553 Words   |  11 Pagestheir goal is to reduce the disease and economic burden of diabetes mellitus and improve the quality of life for all persons who have, or are at risk for, diabetes mellitus (Diabetes | Healthy People 2020, n.d.) Though very few people receive proper preventive care, diabetes has become a difficult public health challenge but there are self-management methods to keep the disease under control. There are specific behaviors that health educators and Healthy People 2020 encourage for the population to adoptRead MoreCape Cod s Heroin Addiction Called Epidemic1521 Words   |  7 Pagesis an important thing to do. The people who hold the supply and sell it are bigger criminals than the addicts. By arresting the people higher up in the supply chain, you are catching the criminals and cutting off the supply. The police have started doing so in the recent years. An article in The Falmouth Enterprise titled â€Å"Cape Cod’s Heroin Addiction Called Epidemicâ₠¬  talks about how Falmouth police in the last couple years have been arresting more and more â€Å"high ranking† drug dealers. While this newRead Moremanageing business3482 Words   |  14 PagesBTEC level 4 in AMS-LONDON College By Lodoisambuu Bazar To Francis Nwofor Table of Content Task 1 1.1. Evaluate the interrelationship between the different processes and functions of the organization 1.2. Identify and justify the methodology you would use to map processes to the organization’s goals and objectives 1.3. Evaluate the output of the process and the quality gateways Task 2 2.1. Design plans which promote goals and objectives for own area of responsibility 2.2. WriteRead MorePrevention Of Stds : Dangerous And Wide Spread Diseases2297 Words   |  10 Pagesto prostitution to earn living which leaves them vulnerable to STDs. This doesn’t mean other people who are not a parent do not get affected economically. Most people who from AIDS are teenagers to old men. For a developing country if the work force dies it becomes economically unstable. Soldiers are more likely to get affected with STDs than a person in general population. AIDS affected orphans have the worst of the problems unable to go school and find no employment when they grow up. Providing

The Thousand and One Nights Abridged, Restructured Free Essays

Jeff Stephens Dr. Swenson English 2111 11-22-11 The Thousand and One Nights: Abridged, Restructured, but Ever Lasting You may have read the story many times; you may have even watched the live-action movie or animated film, but only a few have been able to discern the unique traits inherent in The Thousand and One Nights. Willis G. We will write a custom essay sample on The Thousand and One Nights: Abridged, Restructured or any similar topic only for you Order Now Regier, a writer for World Literature Today, wrote that â€Å"the Nights has been read, admired, studied, illustrated, adapted for the stage, and Disneyfied† (321). The traits that I would like you to remember are how I used interruption to structure the story and how I implemented love within the stories to help me win back King Shahrayar’s trust and pacify his fear of psychosexual replacement. While telling the king stories of grandeur and impossibility, I snuck in little snippets of truth and morality. Richard Burton, once said, â€Å"Without the nights, no Arabian nights,† by which he meant that in dividing the story into separate evenings it was given structure and without that structure The Arabian Nights would be no more than a collection of short stories (qtd. n Van Leeuwen 183). Burton could not have been any more correct. However, I would also like to point out that without the nights themselves, my own story would have ended long before the king changed his mind in the case of my death sentence. Structure in a story like The Arabian Nights is like the branches of a tree that bears fruit; not every branch will produce the fruit, but all the branches will have leaves to help collect the energy to make the fruit. In the same way that a tree bears its fruit, my mini-stories bear the fruit of change within King Shahrayar’s heart. Through my stories, I was able to help the king reclaim some of the hope, understanding, and even love that he had once lost because of his unfaithful wife. I also showed him that women could yet be good and kind, faithful and true, and be intelligent without the wickedness which so many other storytellers have been unwilling to show over the centuries. Van Leeuwen wrote an excellent article that mentions how odd it must seem in my breaking up the stories with the nights, but he also says that by breaking them up I multiplied the dimensions and meanings within the stories themselves and gave a kind of fluidity to the whole thing. I like Van Leeuwen’s interpretation of my actions. He describes the most basic interruption as the break between the fantasy world of the stories that I tell and the world of the frame story in which I, myself, take part. Incidentally, he did his homework on the subject. During that time it was quite usual for my people to use frame stories in order to create a more profound and comprehensive anthology. In using these frame stories, rather than teaching a lesson directly to the listener, we can teach vicariously through the understanding of the frame story’s characters’ understandings. When I decided to try and save the rest of the kingdom’s women from our vengeful king I knew that a direct approach would never work, so I had to drop him coy little hints in the form of fairytales, bedtime stories, and religious parables and sayings. Although a king be a foolish man, it doesn’t make him less of a king, it just means he is less of a man. So, using the art of interruptive story telling has been around for a very long time, even long before my own time, but Van Leeuwen has a much better grasp on the many useful techniques that using frame stories and interruptive techniques can yield as well as how they help to structure a story by allowing intervals between different perspectives. Van Leeuwen also describes how the stories that I told King Shahrayar could be directly related to the frame story in which he experiences so many wrongs on behalf of women. My poor husband was practically raped by a woman being held captive by a demon, he was cheated on in his own home by his wife and a common servant, and he watched as his brother suffered the same disgrace in multiplicity. Van Leeuwen says, â€Å"As a mechanism for the generation of meanings, the juxtaposition of viewpoints enhances the cycle’s character as an initiation into new forms of knowledge† (185). Throughout the stories there are always several characters that give an account from their own perspective about what has happened in the past in order to help the reader’s and the protagonist’s understanding of the problem and how to remedy the situation properly. When I told the story about the fisherman and the demon, for instance, the demon was fixated on killing the fisherman because no one else had come to release him in hundreds of years. However, the way the fisherman saw it, the demon owed him a reward for being the one to release him after so much time. Allowing both parties to speak their thoughts about the situation in conversation made it much easier to discern a mediation point. In other words, knowing both sides of the story helped to rectify the situation amicably for both parties in the end. I was trying the show the king that jumping to conclusions is never a good way to solve a problem. His ex-wife’s betrayal leads him to pronounce vows with a new woman each day and then break those vows by killing them the next so that they would not have a chance to betray him first. I was able to slowly give meaningful and constructive criticism of King Shahrayar’s decisions over the course of many nights and because of that criticism he changed on the inside. He became whole again, with an understanding that he had found a woman (myself) that would never betray him. Throughout my Thousand and One Nights, love is a catalyst to reveal the true nature of the person within a given character, because love defines us. Love of one’s self versus love for others, love of money versus love of one’s family, love for love’s sake versus love for the sake of sex and wiles. Wills G. Regier pointed out that â€Å"Love is everywhere†, and I could not agree more. Within every expression of love there is a story to be told about those involved and the feeling of love in and of itself. I told King Shahrayar stories of this sort each night, some with violence and murder, some with mystery and suspense, and some with sexual escapades. OK, a lot with sexual escapades. I practically bored the man to sleep some nights! I had to improvise to continue to keep his interest in my stories, but I always tried to find ways to wrap them up with love. My king seemed to have forgotten what love really was, so I needed to remind him of the feeling he so desperately sought even if, to begin with, it was sought unconsciously. Regier actually nailed it when he said that I gave King Shahrayar spiritual instruction a couple of times (311). I was attempting to do just that by reciting proverbs and Muhammad’s sayings. I was attempting (and apparently successfully so) to help him regain his moralistic views and understandings of the world. Love plays a large role in one’s understanding of how people view each other and how and why the react in the ways that they do. He needed to understand that part of why he reacted to his ex-wife in such an over-the-top manner was because he loved her so much that it hurt him more deeply than anything had ever hurt him before. He needed to understand that love and the loss of love was what drove him to such drastic measures. John J. Brugaletta wrote an interesting essay about my stories regarding the different allegorical properties from which new knowledge could be gleaned when comparing the situations in the stories to situations in real life (7). He was right, I was providing stories that the king could relate to at the time. There seemed to be some ominous trend in the women of my day to be more sexually attracted to black men. Honestly, it was probably more to do with the fact that black slaves tended to be in better physical condition than the white nobility, sitting in their lush palaces, eating meat and drinking wine all day, and going on hunts for pleasure rather than out of necessity. Some of King Shahrayar’s emotional issues undoubtedly stemmed from his seeming fear of â€Å"psychosexual† replacement by the black slaves. Brugaletta says that â€Å"the societies in which this book took form were preoccupied with a sense of inadequacy in sexual competition with blacks† (6). One way or another, every story could be directly proportionalized with King Shahrayar’s own life-experiences. I engineered the stories to reflect King Shahrayar’s mishaps in a kind-of worse-case scenario type of schema to help him reconcile with his unhappiness and help him to understand that while his wife was at fault in cheating on him, so was he in his exacting vengeance upon all the women of his kingdom because of one woman’s infidelity. While my king and husband listened to my stories, I was able to postpone my own demise and prevent others from falling to the same fate as my predecessors. As long as I kept the man intrigued, the king stayed his bloody hands. I showed him through my stories that he was missing out on living life and he understood that although he had become an angry, bitter tyrant, he could change his ways and become a loving husband and king again. Through my stories, he was able to trust women and believe in their goodness again. Works Cited Brugaletta, John J. The Arabian Nights’ Entertainments. † Masterplots, Fourth Edition (2010): 1-6. Literary Reference Center. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. Lawall, Sarah N. , and Maynard Mack. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Second ed. Vol. B. New York: Norton, 2002. Print. Leeuwen, Richard Van. â€Å"The Art Of Interruption: The Thousand And One Nights And Jan Potocki. † Middle Eastern Literatures 7. 2 (2004): 183-198. Academic Search Compl ete. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. Regier, Wills G. â€Å"Shahrazad’s New Clothes. † World Literature Today 84. 2 (2010): 30-34. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Nov. 2011. How to cite The Thousand and One Nights: Abridged, Restructured, Essay examples